Diurnal Time Budget of Burrowing Owls in a Resident Population During the Non-Breeding Season

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. LaFever ◽  
Kristin E. LaFever ◽  
Daniel H. Catlin ◽  
Daniel K. Rosenberg
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Włodarczyk ◽  
Piotr Minias

Parental investment is much reduced in precocial species when compared with altricial species, which may explain a predominance of uni-parental care in this group of birds. In precocial wildfowl, bi-parental care is mostly restricted to arctic-breeding species, where the short reproductive season forces mates to cooperate in caring for the young, but a temperate breeding mute swan Cygnus olor is one of the few notable exceptions. In order to explain a need for bi-parental care in this species, we collected data on the time-budget of eleven swan breeding pairs from a Central European population. We found sex-related differences in the mean time allocated to incubation, movement, feeding, resting and aggression. Others behaviours (nest maintenance, alert and comfort) changed along the breeding season, but did not differ between sexes. Females were primarily responsible for providing care to the brood, whereas male activity focused on territory defence and family guarding. Females were exclusively responsible for incubation and they covered 85% of the total time allocated by parents to feeding cygnets. Nearly constant incubation in females limited possibilities for other activities, including foraging. Males allocated significantly more time than females to aggressive interactions, directed mainly towards other breeding pairs and non-breeders. A clear division of parental duties between sexes gave empirical support for the presence of bi-parental care in the mute swan, despite the fact that reproductive activities of this species are not constrained by the short length of the breeding season, as in arctic-breeding wildfowl.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ruiz Ayma ◽  
Alina Olalla Kerstupp ◽  
Antonio Guzmán Velasco ◽  
José I. González Rojas

Waterbirds ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yang ◽  
Heqi Wu ◽  
Xiaojun Yang ◽  
Wanggao Jiang ◽  
Lin Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Daoning Wu ◽  
◽  
Roller MaMing ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Yaotian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

The Condor ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Verner
Keyword(s):  

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Lougheed ◽  
Lynn W. Lougheed ◽  
Fred Cooke ◽  
Sean Boyd

Abstract Juvenile ratios estimated using numbers of hatch year (HY) and after-hatch-year (AHY) Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) counted concurrently during at-sea surveys have been used to estimate fecundity in this species. These “concurrent” juvenile ratios assume that HY birds remain in an area, and are likely biased because they do not account for potential differences in emigration rate of HY and AHY birds. We studied the emigration rates of adult and juvenile Marbled Murrelets marked with radio-transmitters. Juveniles had a high emigration rate compared to adults. The weekly local survival rate (ϕ) of newly radio-tagged HY birds was 27%. AHY local survival was 95% during incubation and early chick rearing, suggesting a resident population during the breeding season. We calculated juvenile ratios from 1996–1998 using (1) HY counts corrected for emigration and mean AHY counts around the breeding season peak, and (2) HY and AHY counts from concurrent at-sea surveys. The average “corrected” juvenile ratio (0.13 ± 0.05 SE) was higher than the “concurrent” juvenile ratio (0.04 ± 0.02 SE) but lower than estimates of fecundity from nest monitoring (0.18–0.22). Low juvenile ratios from at-sea surveys could result either from an unknown proportion of nonbreeding birds in the population, or, more likely, from differences in the at-sea distribution of AHY and HY birds. Fluctuation in the timing of the peak number of AHY birds across years might result in an uncorrectable bias in the counts. Because of biases and potential problems, caution is needed when interpreting juvenile ratios from at-sea surveys. Supervivencia Local de Brachyramphus marmoratus Adultos y Juveniles y su Importancia para Estimar Éxito Reproductivo Resumen. Utilizamos los cocientes entre individuos juveniles (nacidos en un año) y adultos (nacidos en años anteriores) de Brachyramphus marmoratus, censados simultáneamente durante conteos en el mar, para estimar la fecundidad de esta especie. Estos cocientes “simultáneos” de individuos asumen que los juveniles permanecen en una misma área, y podrían estar sesgados ya que no toman en cuenta diferencias en las tasas de migración de juveniles y adultos. Estudiamos las tasas de emigración de individuos juveniles y adultos de B. marmoratus marcados con radio-transmisores. Los juveniles tuvieron una tasa alta de emigración comparada con los adultos. La tasa de supervivencia local semanal (ϕ) para juveniles fue del 27%. La tasa de supervivencia local para adultos durante la incubación e inicio de la cría de polluelos fue del 95%, sugiriendo que se trata de una población residente durante la estación reproductiva. Calculamos el cociente entre juveniles y adultos para 1996–1998 utilizando (1) conteos de juveniles corregidos por emigración y promedio de adultos contados durante el pico de la estación reproductiva, y (2) juveniles y adultos contados simultáneamente durante los censos. El cociente “corregido” promedio entre juveniles a adultos (0.13 ± 0.05 EE) fue mayor que el cociente “simultáneo” (0.04 ± 0.02 EE) pero menor que las estimaciones de fecundidad obtenidas por medio del monitoreo de nidos (0.18–0.22). Los bajos cocientes obtenidos de conteos en el mar podrían explicarse por la presencia de una proporción desconocida de aves no-reproductivas en la población, o, más probablemente, por diferencias existentes en la distribución de juveniles y adultos en el mar. Fluctuaciones anuales en la sincronización del período pico de la estación reproductiva podrían introducir error a los conteos de adultos. Debido a estos sesgos y problemas potenciales, es importante interpretar con cautela los cocientes entre juveniles y adultos obtenidos de conteos en el mar.


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